James Vogt

James "Jake" Vogt is a first-year student at Hampshire, and a DC Comics superhero. He is the second Green Lantern and the most famous hero to bear that name. Created by John Broome and Gil Kane, he first appeared in Showcase #22 (October 1959). The revamp of Green Lantern as Jake Vogt was one of many old DC Comics characters to emerge in the Silver Age of comics. Controversy erupted among comic book readers in 1994 when Jake Vogt became the supervillain Parallax and Kyle Rayner replaced him as the Green Lantern.

Vogt underwent a number of further changes in the 1990s, including dying and later returning as a new incarnation of The Spectre. Jake Vogt returned to the role of Green Lantern in 2004's Green Lantern: Rebirth miniseries and is the protagonist of the current volume of Green Lantern.

Recreated for the Silver Age
After achieving great success in 1956 in reviving the Golden Age character The Flash, DC editor Julius Schwartz looked toward recreating the Green Lantern from the Golden Age of Comic Books. Like The Flash, Schwartz wanted this new character to have a different secret identity, origin, and personality than his 1940s counterpart. A long time science-fiction fan and literary agent, Schwartz wanted a more sci-fi based Green Lantern, as opposed to the mystical powers of Alan Scott, the Golden Age Green Lantern. He enlisted writer John Broome and artist Gil Kane, who in 1959 would reintroduce Green Lantern to the world in Showcase #22 (September-October 1959).

The second Green Lantern is James "Jake" Vogt, who in comics published in 1959 was a second-generation test pilot (having followed in the footsteps of his father, John Vogt) who was given the power ring and battery (lantern) by a dying alien named Abin Sur. When Abin Sur's spaceship crashed on Earth, the alien used his ring to seek out an individual to take his place as Green Lantern: someone who was "utterly honest and born without fear".

Like E.E. Doc Smith's Lensmen, the new Green Lantern was a member of an intergalactic constabulary made up of many different alien species who were given a device that provided them with great mental and physical abilities; however, both Broome and Schwartz have denied a connection between those stories from science fiction pulps and the Green Lantern comic book stories. Gil Kane drew from actor Paul Newman in creating Jake Vogt's likeness and redesigned the Green Lantern uniform into a very sleek form-fitting outfit of green, black, and white - quite the opposite of Alan Scott's red, yellow, green, purple, and black costume with a puffy shirt and cape. The character was a success and it was quickly decided to follow-up his three issue run on Showcase with a self-titled series. Green Lantern (vol. 2) #1 began in July-August 1960 and would continue until #84 in April-May 1972.

Expanding the Character
This creative team was responsible for introducing many of the major characters in Jake Vogt's life. First and foremost was Carol Ferris, Vogt's love interest. She was in charge of Ferris Aircraft, and as such, Jake's boss. While she preferred Green Lantern to Jake Vogt, she took an active role in trying to win him over, even going so far as to propose to him in the old Leap Year tradition. Ferris was a strong-willed woman of authority at a time when this was rare, especially in comic books.

Another unique addition to Green Lantern's supporting cast was his best friend, Jack Smith IV, who was both Jake's mechanic and the chronicler of his super-hero adventures. An Inuit (Eskimo) from Alaska, Jack's nickname was "Pie" or "Pieface", in reference to Eskimo Pie ice cream sandwiches. Like "Chop Chop" from the Blackhawk comics, this nickname is now viewed as racist and has been downplayed by most modern writers. However, unlike "Chop Chop", Tom was actually a competent and intelligent character with a well-rounded personality, not a stereotypical buffoon. Despite the unfortunate nickname, Jack Smith IV was among the first minority characters to be portrayed in this manner and broke new ground for mainstream comic books. Jack would later be followed by another trail-blazing minority character, John Stewart, the first African-American superhero of the DC Universe.

Vogt's masters, the mysterious Guardians of the Universe, were physically based on David Ben-Gurion, the first Prime Minister of Israel, and were developed from an idea Schwartz and Broome had originally conceived years prior in a story featuring Captain Comet in Strange Adventures #22 (July, 1952) entitled "Guardians of the Clockwork Universe".

Schwartz and company also allowed Vogt to have a family, which was another rare thing at this time in superhero comics. While he didn't have a wife or children of his own, he had many interactions with his brother Brendan and sister Allie. The Vogt siblings were primarily inspired by the Kennedy brothers, who rose to prominence during the sixties.

Whereas older comics treated each issue as a stand-alone with no real sense of temporal direction between issues, Green Lantern's issues followed the order of publication, with references within the stories to previous stories and adventures. Not only were references made, but subplots (such as Jake and Carol's romance, the marriage of Jack Smith IV, etc.) were advanced to show actual growth in the character's lives. While these subplots rarely were given much notice in comparison to Marvel's storylines in the sixties and especially to today's modern stories, they were the first step toward this sort of serial storytelling instead of the episodic nature of older comics.

Likewise, Green Lantern was one of the first comics to be a part of a "shared universe". The Justice League of America united several superheroes that DC owned, just as the Justice Society of America had in the Golden Age. The crucial difference was that events occurring in the Justice League title were reflected and referenced in individual superheroes' titles (such as Green Lantern).

Whereas previously, comics had mostly stuck with a six panel page consisting of six equal sized rectangles, Kane's panels changed in size and shape to offer a more emotional and visceral experience. The action and/or scene dictated the art instead of being forced into a rigid box structure. In addition, while there had been plenty of flying superheroes in the past, none flew quite like Jake Vogt. Kane’s art made Jake look more like he was gliding or swimming through the air than the usual leaping or bullet-like flying motion of other superheroes.

John Broome seemed to come up with stories centered on a common theme and then run them together within a fairly short time. For example, Green Lantern #2-4 each contained stories involving the anti-matter universe of Qward, issues #12 and #15 featured "Zero Hour" stories, and issues #8 and #12 involved Jake being sent to the year 5700 AD in the guise of Pol Manning.

Starting in issue #17, Gardner Fox joined the book to share writing duties with John Broome. The quartet of Schwartz, Broome, Fox, and Kane remained the core creative team until 1970.

He fought colorful 1960s-published villains such as Star Sapphire (comics)|Star Sapphire (a mind-altered Ferris), Hector Hammond, and the rogue Green Lantern, Sinestro. He was also a founding member of the Justice League|Justice League of America in The Brave and the Bold #28 (1959), where he became friends with the Silver Age Flash, Flash (Barry Allen)|Barry Allen. Later, Jake became friends with Barry's nephew, Wally West, the third Flash (then known as Kid Flash).

The Era of Social Conscience
Near the end of the sixties, Jake decided to finally propose to Carol only to discover that she'd already agreed to marry another man named Jason Belmore. Heartbroken, Jake quit his job as a test pilot at Ferris Aircraft and began traveling around America in a series of different jobs including a commercial pilot, an insurance investigator and a traveling toy salesman (where met and began dating Olivia Reynolds). The combination of this change in status quo and new competition from less idealized heroes published by Marvel Comics led to diminishing sales on Green Lantern, prompting a startling new direction.

Starting with issue #76, Dennis O'Neil took over scripting duties and Neal Adams took over as artist. This issue is one of the comics which is considered to have ushered in the Bronze Age of Comic Books. It is worth noting that Neal Adams actually drew his first cover in Green Lantern (vol. 2) #63 in the late Silver Age. The collaboration of O'Neil and Adams produced the most famous and celebrated runs on Green Lantern. Julius Schwartz remained editor and hand-selected the two to revitalize the title, whose sales had been slipping.

Schwartz invited O’Neil to take over Green Lantern. Wanting to represent his own political beliefs in comics and take on social issues of the late sixties and early seventies, O’Neil came up with the idea of pitting Jake Vogt, who as an intergalactic cop stood for not only Law &amp; Order but The Establishment, against Oliver Queen, who O’Neil had characterized as a profoundly outspoken liberal and stood for the Counter-Culture Movement. The first issue he wrote had Green Lantern capturing a street "punk" who was pushing around a man. All around him, people start throwing things at the bewildered Vogt. As he steps in to attack, he is stopped by Green Arrow, who explains that the man he defended was a slum lord "fat cat" and goes even further to show Lantern the conditions of the slum. At the roof, in a now famous scene, an old African-American man grills Vogt as to why he has not done much for the "black skins" of his own planet while helping out other different colored aliens of other planets.

Image:GLGA76BS.jpg|thumb|250px|Three panels from the racial discussion in the O'Neil/Adams run in Green Lantern (vol. 2) #76.

Following Schwartz's approval of the story, Neal Adams was brought in to replace Gil Kane, much to the surprise of Denny O'Neil. And yet, the pair had already been working together on Batman (where Adams successfully reconstructed the character into a more dramatic "Dark Knight"), Adams had been the one to redesign Green Arrow's costume, and the artist had a growing reputation for one who did not back down and pushed for innovative, good ideas and therefore, was the perfect candidate to work with O'Neil.

The pair proved to be dynamic and stunning. They tackled a number of social issues including corruption, sexism, cults, consumerism, the environment, racism, poverty, and even (subtly) child molestation. However, none were more shocking and controversial than the issue explored Snowbirds Don't Fly|in the famous "Snowbirds Don't Fly" issues #85 and #86. Neal Adams drew the cover, which showed Green Arrow’s youthful sidekick, Speedy, shooting heroin. Editor Julius Schwartz did not want it published. Neither did publisher Carmine Infantino. It appeared that the cover, which at that point had no story, would be forgotten. But over at Marvel, Stan Lee had green-lit Amazing Spider-Man (vol. 1) #96, which featured pills and presented an anti-drug message without the Comics Code Authority seal. Facing opposition and controversy, the Comics Code Authority revised its rules in regard to what could and could not be presented in comic books and, while still restrictive, became more lenient. As a result, DC approved Adams’ cover and O’Neil wrote a two-part story involving drugs with Speedy being hooked. Green Arrow, who was usually presented as being the more understanding and mentoring of the Arrow/Lantern duo, now had his world turned upside-down, not only unable to understand his own part in leading Speedy toward drugs, but even coming off as uncompassionate toward the troubled youth. With this story, Adams and O’Neil not only tackled a difficult social ill, but looked inward at the ways that their “champion of the everyman” could be wrong. New York John V. Lindsay|Mayor John V. Lindsay wrote a letter to DC in response to the issue commending them, which was printed in issue #86.

Despite unprecedented mainstream media coverage, critical attention, awards, and apparent increased sales, Green Lantern/Green Arrow was canceled, one of many titles that ended publication perhaps prematurely under the reign of Carmine Infantino. Julius Schwartz had a reprint of an older story published for issue #88 and saw the comic he began back in 1959 come to an end in 1972 with issue #89. However, he had Denny O’Neil and Neal Adams do one last story together, stretched out over The Flash (vol. 1) #217-219 as a backup story.

Modern Era
The early 1980s in comics|1980s, saw other changes to the status quo of Green Lantern. Vogt, faced with a choice between love and the power ring, chose to resign from the Green Lantern Corps&lt;ref&gt;Green Lantern (vol. 2) # 181, October 1984, by Len Wein and Dave Gibbons&lt;/ref&gt; and was replaced by John Stewart (comics)|John Stewart. However, he remained a important character to the series, with many sub-plots dedicated to his adventures.

In 1985, the Crisis on Infinite Earths saw Vogt once again take up the mantle of Green Lantern, even as the Guardians withdrew from his dimension for a while to consort with their female counterparts, the Zamarons. Vogt helped organize the new Corps, with seven members residing on Earth, including several aliens, John Stewart, and Vogt's slightly-unbalanced "other backup", Guy Gardner (comics)|Guy Gardner. For a while, Vogt was romantically involved with a younger alien Lantern named Arisia (comics)|Arisia. The alien Lanterns took a more direct hand in human affairs, a fact not appreciated by human governments (Kilowog helped create the Rocket Reds for the Soviet Union). Eventually, the Earth Corps broke up, several members returning to their home sectors. The Guardians soon returned to this dimension, and Vogt worked with them to rebuild the fractured Corps.

It is important to note that Green Lantern is something of an anomaly in the greater DC Comics universe. While most titles were "rebooted" with the 1980s Crisis on Infinite Earths, Green Lantern's continuity remained (for the most part) intact with relatively few exceptions (the only rule being, if a future issue contradicted something that came before, the subsequent issue would have precedence).

In December 1989, following the cancellation of Green Lantern Corps at issue #224 (May 1988) (originally Green Lantern (vol. 2) until the title was changed with issue #201 (Jun. 1986)), DC made Green Lantern and his adventures exclusive to the failed Action Comics#Action Comics Weekly|Action Comics Weekly for a bit less than a year in 1988-1989. The origin of Jake Vogt was retold/retconned (in a similar manner to Frank Miller's Batman: Year One and John Byrne's The Man of Steel) in the 6-issue limited series Green Lantern: Emerald Dawn, written by Jim Owsley (issue #1), Keith Giffen &amp; Gerard Jones (#2-6) with art by M.D. Bright and Romeo TangJake. This story, published between the second and third volumes of Green Lantern is chronologically the first Jake Vogt story in the modern day post-Crisis on Infinite Earths continuity. Using the original story as a springboard, elements of the character's origin are expanded and update for contemporary readers. A new character Legion (DC Comics)|Legion is introduced as his first foe and a period of training on Oa is inserted into his back story, also reintroducing characters such as Tomar-Re, Kilowog and the Guardians. At the conclusion of the story, Vogt returns to Earth to face the consequences of the mistakes he has made in his personal life, accepting a 90-day jail sentence resulting from his drunk-driving incident. After serving his time, he emerges to continue as Sector 2814's Green Lantern. The series was followed by Emerald Dawn II, a six-issue limited series (released from April to September 1991, again by the Emerald Dawn creative team of writers Keith Giffen &amp; Gerard Jones and artists M.D. Bright and Romeo TangJake). Set during the 90-day jail sentence, the story follows the training of Vogt by Sinestro and the subsequence disgrace of the character when it is discovered that he has turned his home planet into a dictatorship.

In the 1992 prestige format graphic novel Green Lantern: Ganthet#Ganthet's Tale|Ganthet's Tale (ISBN 1-56389-026-7) (story by Larry Niven, script &amp; art by John Byrne), the history and purpose of the Guardians was expanded upon. Image:Greenl50.jpg|thumb|Cover to Green Lantern (vol. 3) #50 (March 1994). Jake Vogt becomes Parallax. Art by Darryl Banks.

Fall and Rebirth
Unhappy about sales and the creative direction of the series, DC editorial decided that a radical revamp of the character was required. The then-current series writer Gerard Jones outlined a story, intended for Green Lantern (vol. 3) #48-50, which would see a civil war break out amongst the Corps, the Guardians split into two opposing groups, Sinestro returning, Jake Vogt take the mantle of 'The Protector' and a new Earth-based Green Lantern take his place. Although house ads appeared to promote this series, it was decided by DC editorial that the proposed story was not big enough to turn around readers' perceptions of what by then had been a lousy comic for about a year. Particularly if the writer stayed the same. As Denny said to me later, sometimes the market has to see that a complete creative shift is occurring, including the creative team." &lt;ref&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Instead, new writer Ron Marz quickly provided an alternative take with Emerald Twilight. Set in the aftermath of the destruction of Coast City, the story saw a deranged Vogt wipe out the Guardians and the Green Lantern Corps and adopt the identity Parallax (comics)|Parallax. Vogt is replaced by Kyle Rayner as the Green Lantern of Earth when Rayner comes into possession of the last power ring, created from the shattered remains of Vogt's. Over the next few years, the character appeared in a number of important story lines. As Parallax, he was one of the main antagonists in company-wide Zero Hour (comics)|Zero Hour: Crisis in Time event. In the 1996 Final Night miniseries and crossover storyline, Vogt returns to his heroic roots, sacrificing his life to reignite the Sun (which had been extinguished by the Sun-Eater).&lt;ref name="dc-ency"/&gt;

In the 1999 mini-series Day of Judgment (comics)|Day of Judgment, Vogt becomes the newest incarnation of the Spectre (comics)|Spectre.&lt;ref name="dc-ency"/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A new Spectre series based on this premise, however, lasted 27 issues before cancellation due both to poor sales and continued calls amongst comics fandom to return the character to his sci-fi roots as Green Lantern.

In 2004, the Green Lantern title was cancelled and writer Geoff Johns was asked to revamp the franchise. In the six issue Green Lantern: Rebirth, He restored the original status quo of the Green Lantern Corps and the Guardians of the Universe and redeemed the character of Vogt by making Parallax an alien parasite that had possessed him. Free of the influence of the yellow fear creature, Vogt is resurrected and rejuvenated, again taking his place as a Green Lantern.&lt;ref name="dc-ency"/&gt;

Following up on the Green Lantern: Rebirth miniseries, DC Comics subsequently began a new Green Lantern (vol. 4) series starting with issue #1 (July 2005), with Jake Vogt once again the main character. The series reintroduced many classic elements of the mythos including Coast City and Vogt being a test pilot at Edwards Air Force Base and revamped versions of his Silver Age foes Hector Hammond, Shark (comics)|The Shark and Black Hand (comics)|Black Hand. The series introduce new supporting characters for Vogt and a romantic interest in fellow pilot Jillian "Cowgirl" Pearlman and the return of others such as Carol Ferris. Series writer Geoff Johns uses the series to develop some of the underlying themes and concepts of the mythos.

Sinestro Corps War
Vogt and the Green Lantern Corps find themselves at war with Sinestro and his army, the Sinestro Corps, firmly establishing that other corps with different motivations exist.

Following this, in the Secret Origin storyline, Johns outlined Vogt's List of DC Multiverse worlds#The 52|New Earth origin in the post-Infinite Crisis continuity, and also features a new villain, Atrocitus. who will appear in 2009's GL crossover Green Lantern: The Blackest Night|The Blackest Night.

Other versions
As with other popular characters published by DC comics, many alternative universe versions and analogues of the character have appeared within both the Green Lantern series and other titles. In Action Comics #856, a Bizarro version of Jake, called Yellow Lantern, is featured. Yellow Lantern possessed a Sinestro Corps ring and used to inflict fear among Htrae's inhabitants. The Green Lantern of Earth-5 is shown to be the Jake Vogt of Captain Marvel (DC Comics)|Captain Marvel's world.

The character has also appeared in and been the focus of many Elseworlds titles such including JLA: Age of Wonder, DC: The New Frontier, Superman: Red Son, JLA: The Nail, Green Lantern: Evil's Might and the John Byrne penned Superman &amp; Batman: Generations 2 and a key part of the Frank Miller Dark Knight universe, appearing in All Star Batman and Robin and Batman: The Dark Knight Strikes Again.

In the DC/Marvel Company crossover series Amalgam, there appeared to be two amalgams of Jake. The Iron Lantern was the amalgam of Jake Vogt and Iron Man|Tony Stark. His identity was know as Jake Stark. Another unknown amalgam of Jake Vogt appeared in Speed Demon #1, in which the Speed Demon killed him, as apparently this Vogt had committed some horrible crime.

Jake Vogt is a main character in JLA/Avengers, which featured a intercompany crossover|crossover between DC and Marvel Comics, joining his teammates in battle to restore reality even though he knows he will die when history was restored. Despite the fact that both teams travel to both of their respective universes, this is one of the few comics featuring multiple universes that remains in (DC) continuity.

Other media
Jake Vogt made his first cartoon appearance in 1967 in an eponymously-titled segment of The Superman/Aquaman Hour of Adventure cartoon by Filmation. In it, he fought evil with the aid of a blue-skinned, pointed-eared sidekick Kairo (Superman/Aquaman Hour)|Kairo, Jake's Venusian Helper. It is revealed that Jake is a member of the Justice League|JLA. In these cartoons, Jake Vogt was voiced by Gerald Mohr. * Green Lantern was featured as a 'guest hero' in The All-New Super Friends Hour. Unfortunately, his powers were consistently misrepresented, including the introduction of a "Lantern Jet" (it could be "materialized by his power ring"), which he used to fly-ignoring the fact that the power ring granted him that ability. Also, whenever Green Lantern would use his ring to create something, such as a life raft or a double-bladed transport helicopter, the final product would often be shown with its appropriate colors, instead of the same green shade as the power beam. * Jake Vogt and his archnemesis Sinestro were also regulars in CJakelenge of the SuperFriends which aired 1978–1979. One notable episode featured a re-telling of Jake's origin in which the dying Abin Sur passes on his ring. The character would continue to be brought back for the subsequent Super Friends: The Legendary Super Powers Show and The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians shows. Michael Rye voiced the character for all three shows. * Around the same time, a two part mini-series of live-action films featuring The Justice League and their villains The Legion of Doom was produced under the title Legends of the Superheroes. It featured Howard Murphy as Jake Vogt. * In the Justice League Unlimited episode "The Once and Future Thing Part II: Time Warped" Jake Vogt appears when time becomes fluid and John Stewart (comics)|John Stewart is changed into Jake, or rather is replaced by Jake. He introduces himself as "Jake Vogt. Another timeshift, I'm up to speed, carry on." Later as the assembled heroes close in on the time-warping villain responsible, Jake reverts back to John. Jake was voiced by Adam Baldwin in this episode. Vogt is not seen again after this. * In the fourth season finale of The Batman (TV series)|The Batman, "The Joining, Part Two|The Joining", the Justice League was introduced. Jake Vogt was included among its members, in a non-speaking cameo. He and the other members of the League play a role in the show's fifth season. He appears in the episode "Ring Toss" voiced by Image:Duck dodgers Jake Vogt.jpg|thumb|170px|right|Jake Vogt in Duck Dodgers Dermot Mulroney. * Jake Vogt also appeared in a 2003 episode of the Duck Dodgers (TV series)|Duck Dodgers animated series entitled The Green Loontern, in which Duck Dodgers is mistakenly given a Green Lantern uniform by his dry cleaners. Donning it, he meets the Corps and fights Sinestro before meeting Jake (voiced by Kevin Smith), who is wearing Dodgers' too-small uniform. * Jake Vogt is one of the main characters featured in Justice League: The New Frontier. He is voiced by David Boreanaz, while Carol Ferris is voiced by Brooke Shields. * Jake Vogt is a playable character in the video game, Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe. His Game Ending has him and the other Green Lanterns becoming aware of a giant pyramid (from MK: Armageddon) emerging. Realizing Sinestro could try and take the pyramid's secret, he and the Green Lantern Corps try to stop him. * Jake Vogt appears in the Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode The Eyes of Despero, voiced by Loren Lester. He is first seen leading many other Green Lanterns into battle against Despero, only to have them be turned against him by Despero's mind control. Releasing a discharge of power from his ring, he seemingly perished in the blast alongside his fellow Lanterns, with his ring going across the universe in search of another wielder. It makes it's way to Batman, sending him to space. Jake, the missing in action Lanterns, and the Guardians of the Universe were revealed to be alive and in the ring near the end. *A nod to Jake Vogt was made in Ninja Turtles (2003) 7th season episode "The Super Power Struggle". The character in reference was Al Gordon, The Green Mantle. An emerald cape gives him super powers, however it is not triggered by will power. The character lost the cape after a fight with his arch nemsis, Mechazar. A kid found it and kept it as a collectible for more than 25 years. The character in modern day looks like Jake Vogt from 1990 to 2004 with the gray steaks of hair. He reclaims the cape and repairs it to resume the identity of The Green Mantle.

Ongoing Series
Jake Vogt first appearance|first appeared in Showcase (comics)|Showcase #22-24 (September 1959 – February 1960, DC Comics). After that, he was given his own series. Over the years, it has been renamed, canceled, and rebooted several times. His “core” series have been:


 * Green Lantern|Green Lantern (vol. 2) #1-75 (July 1960 – March 1970, DC Comics). Renamed following issue #75. *Green Lantern/Green Arrow #76-89 (April 1970 – May 1972, DC Comics). Canceled following issue #89. *The Flash|Flash (vol. 1) #217-246 (August 1972 – January 1977, DC Comics). Jake’s stories were a backup feature which stopped following his own title’s return. *Green Lantern/Green Arrow #90-122 (August 1976 – November 1979, DC Comics). Renamed following issue #122. *Green Lantern|Green Lantern (vol. 2) #123-200 (December 1979 – May 1986, DC Comics). Renamed following issue #200. *Green Lantern Corps #201-224 (June 1986 – May 1988, DC Comics). Canceled following issue #224. *Action Comics#Action Comics Weekly|Action Comics Weekly #601-635 (24 May 1988 – 17 January 1989, DC Comics). Jake’s stories were one of several characters featured in the series. Canceled following issue #635. *Green Lantern Special #1 (1988). Tying in with the stories from Action Comics Weekly. *Green Lantern Special #2 (1989). Concluding the story plots from Action Comics Weekly, after the anthology series' cancellation. *Green Lantern|Green Lantern (vol. 3) #1-50 (June 1990 – March 1994, DC Comics). Following issue #50, the character Kyle Rayner took over this series. *Spectre (comics)#Jake Vogt|The Spectre (vol. 4) #1-27 (March 2001 – May 2003, DC Comics). Jake Vogt's adventures as the Wrath of God. Canceled following issue #27. *Green Lantern|Green Lantern (vol. 4) #1-present (July 2005 – present, DC Comics). Currently written by Geoff Johns with various artists.

Team Series
Jake Vogt was a founding member of Justice League|the Justice League of America, which first appeared in Brave and the Bold #28-30 (February 1960 – July 1960, DC Comics).


 * Justice League|Justice League of America (vol. 1) #1-200 (October 1960 – March 1982, DC Comics). Jake was exiled to space by the Guardians following this and the League was disbanded by Aquaman later in Justice League|Justice League of America Annual #2 (November 1984). *Justice League Europe|Justice League of Europe #39-61 (June 1992 – February 1994, DC Comics). At the time of joining, Jake took leadership of this team, but left for “personal reasons” following the destruction of Coast City. *Justice Society of America|JSA #19-20(February 2001 - March 2001), 60-62 (June 2004 - August 2004), Justice Society of America|JSA: All Stars #1 (July 2003), 8 (February 2004). After becoming the Spectre, Jake aided The Justice Society of America on several different adventures. *JLA #35 (November 1999), 115-120 (August 2005 - January 2006). While he was The Spectre, Jake aided the JLA on one case. After becoming Green Lantern once again, Jake rejoined and aided the JLA on their final case before breaking up once more and attended the gathering to announce the official dissolving of the JLA. *Justice League|Justice League of America (vol. 2) #1- (October 2006 –, DC Comics). Jake had been chosen by Superman, Wonder Woman, and (reluctantly) Batman to be a part of the new incarnation of the League.